The United Nations has been an important forum for promoting women's rights, but women are still underrepresented at the most senior levels of its leadership. and New York City to introduce the topic of film noir. as a setting for film noirs, while the first chapter in Foster Hirsch's Th e Dark Side of the Screen, titled 'Th e City at Night,' focuses on L.A. intellectual intervention that 'made Los Angeles the city that American intellectuals love to hate.' Paul Arthur in 'Los Angeles as Scene of the Crime' argues for the enduring importance of L.A. In his definitive study of L.A., City of Quartz, Mike Davis posits that noir is a film style, a literary impulse, and a type of L.A. Numerous critics and scholars have explored L.A.'s historic relationship with film noir, both as a major setting for film noirs and as the space in which writers and filmmakers generated the initial material that was to be named noir.

While thinking about film noir in relation to carl franklin's Devil in a Blue Dress (1995), I have returned repeatedly to the considerable ways in which the film represents Los Angeles as a historically resonant and metaphorically rich location.

Whiteness inundates Easy Rawlins from all sides, entailing insincerity, dishonesty, interestedness and hypocrisy. Like many authors of colour, Mosley associates whiteness with death. White imagery carried to the extreme magnifies the terrorizing aspect of whiteness in the narrative. The oppressive faces of whiteness consist in the following trajectories: property relations, economic exploitation, labour relations, the legal system, different miens of oppressive white masculinity denigrating blackness, spatial dynamics of post-World War II Los Angeles and the white apparatus of power that the narrator needs to confront throughout the novel. For the African American first person narrator, Easy Rawlins, living in post-World War II Los Angeles, whiteness mostly spells terror. The socio-historical construction of whiteness emerging from the novel is amplified by white imagery dovetailing with the claims made about white people directly. Walter Mosley’s Devil in a Blue Dress contributes significantly to the literary debate on the definition of whiteness.

Black betty walter mosley summary